कोशिका विज्ञान, आनुवंशिकी और संक्रामक रोग (सेमेस्टर -1)

Programme /Class: Certificate

Year: First

Semester: First

Subject: ZOOLOGY

Course Title: : Cytology, Genetics and Infectious Diseases

Course outcomes:

The student at the completion of the course will be able to:

● Understand the structure and function of all the cell organelles.

● Know about the chromatin structure and its location.

● To be familiar with the basic principle of life, how a cell divides leading to the growth of an

     organism and also reproduces to form new organisms.

● How one cell communicates with its neighbouring cells?

● Understand the basic principles of genetics and how genes (earlier called factors) are inherited

    from one generation to another.

● Understand the Mendel’s laws and the deviations from conventional patterns of inheritance.

● Comprehend how environment plays an important role by interacting with genetic factors.

● How to detect chromosomal aberrations in humans and study the pattern of inheritance by

     pedigree analysis in families.

Credits: 4

Core: Compulsory

Max. Marks: 25+75

Min. Passing Marks: 8+25

Unit

Topics

I

Structure and Function of Cell Organelles I

Plasma membrane: chemical structure—lipids and proteins

Cell-cell interaction: cell adhesion molecules, cellular junctions

Endomembrane system: protein targeting and sorting,

endocytosis, exocytosis

II

Structure and Function of Cell Organelles II

Cytoskeleton: microtubules, microfilaments, intermediate filaments

Mitochondria: Structure, oxidative phosphorylation, electron

transport system

Peroxisome and ribosome: structure and function

III

Nucleus and Chromatin Structure

Structure and function of nucleus in eukaryotes

Chemical structure and base composition of DNA and RNA

DNA supercoiling, chromatin organization, structure

of chromosomes

Types of DNA and RNA

IV

Cell cycle, Cell Division and Cell Signaling

Cell division: mitosis and meiosis

Introduction to Cell cycle and its regulation, apoptosis

Signal transduction: intracellular signaling and cell surface

receptors, via G-protein linked receptors

Cell-cell interaction:cell adhesion molecules, cellular junctions

V

Mendelism and Sex Determination

Basic principles of heredity: Mendel’s laws, monohybrid

and dihybrid crosses

Complete and Incomplete Dominance

Clinical expressions:Penetrance and expressivity

Genic Sex-Determining Systems, Environmental Sex

Determination, Sex Determination in Drosophila

Sex-linked characteristics and Dosage compensation

VI

Extensions of Mendelism, Genes and Environment

Extensions of Mendelism: Multiple Alleles, Gene Interaction

The Interaction Between Sex and Heredity: Sex-Influenced and SexLimited Characteristics

Cytoplasmic Inheritance, Genetic Maternal Effects

Genomic Imprinting, Anticipation

Interaction Between Genes and Environment: Environmental

Effects on Gene Expression, Inheritance of Continuous

Characteristics

VII

Human Chromosomes and Patterns of Inheritance

Human karyotype

Chromosomal anomalies: Structural and numerical aberrations

with examples

Pedigree analysis

Patterns of inheritance: autosomal dominant, autosomal

recessive, X-linked recessive, X-linked dominant

VIII

Infectious Diseases

Introduction to pathogenic organisms: viruses, bacteria, fungi,

protozoa, and worms.

Structure, life cycle, pathogenicity, including diseases, causes,

symptoms and control of common parasites: Trypanosoma, Giardia

and Wuchereria