अणु जैविकी, जैव यंत्रीकरण एवं जैव तकनीक (सेमेस्टर -3)

Programme /Class: Diploma

Year: Second

Semester: Third

Subject: ZOOLOGY

Course Title: Molecular Biology, Bioinstrumentation & Biotechniques

Course outcomes:

The student at the completion of the course will be able to have:

● A detailed and conceptual understanding of molecular processes viz. DNA to trait.

● A clear understanding of the processes of central dogma viz. transcription, translation etc.                                                                                                  underlying survival and propagation of life at molecular level.

● Understanding of how genes are ultimately expressed as proteins which are responsible for the

structure and function of all organisms.

● Learn how four sequences (3 letter codons) generate the transcripts of life and determine the phenotypes of organisms.

● How genes are regulated differently at different time and place in prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Credits: 4

Core: Compulsory

Max. Marks: 25+75

Min. Passing Marks: 8+25

Unit

Topics

I

Protein synthesis I: Process of Transcription

● Fine structure of gene

● RNA polymerases

● Transcription factors and machinery

● Formation of initiation complex

● Initiation, elongation and termination of transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

II

Process of Translation

● The Genetic code

● Ribosome

● Factors involved in translation

● Aminoacylation of tRNA, tRNA-identity, aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase

● Initiation, elongation and termination of translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes

III

Regulation of Gene Expression I

● Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes: lac and Trp operons in E. coli

● Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes: Role of chromatin in gene expression

●Regulation at transcriptional level, Post-transcriptional modifications: Capping, Splicing, Polyadenylation

●RNA editing.

IV

Regulation of Gene Expression II

● Regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes:

● Regulation at translational level, Posttranslational modifications etc.

● Intracellular protein degradation

● Gene silencing, RNA interference (RNAi)

V

Principle and Types of Microscopes

● Principle of Microscopy and Applications

● Types of Microscopes: light microscopy, dark field microscopy, phase-contrast microscopy,

● Fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, electron microscopy

VI

Centrifugation and Chromatography

● Principle of Centrifugation

● Types of Centrifuges: high speed and ultracentrifuge

● Types of rotors: Vertical, Swing-out, Fixed-angle etc.

● Principle and Types of Chromatography: paper, ion-exchange, gel filtration, HPLC, affinity

VII

Spectrophotometry and Biochemical Techniques

● Biochemical techniques: Measurement of pH, Preparation of buffers and solutions

● Principle of Colorimetry/Spectrophotometry: Beer Lambert law

● Measurement, applications and safety measures of radio-tracer techniques

VIII

Molecular Techniques

● Detection of nucleic acid by gel electrophoresis

● DNA sequencing DNA fingerprinting, RFLP

● Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

● Detection of proteins, PAGE, ELISA, Western blotting