Thermal Physics And Semiconductor Devices - ऊष्मा भौतिकी एवं अर्धचालक युक्तियाँ

Program Class: Certificate/ B.Sc.

Year: First

Semester: Second

Subject: Physics

Course Title: Thermal Physics & Semiconductor Devices

Course Learning Outcomes:

· Recognize the difference between reversible and irreversible processes.

· Understand the physical significance of thermodynamical potentials.

· Comprehend the kinetic model of gases w.r.t. various gas laws.

· Study the implementations and limitations of fundamental radiation laws.

· Utility of AC bridges.

· Recognize the basic components of electronic devices.

·Design simple electronic circuits.

· Understand the applications of various electronic instruments.

Credits: 4

Core Compulsory / Elective

Max. Marks: 25+75

Min. Passing Marks: 33

Unit

Topics

Part A: Thermodynamics & Kinetic Theory of Gases

I

0th & 1st Law of Thermodynamics: State functions and terminology of thermodynamics. Zeroth law and temperature. First law, internal energy, heat and work done. Work done in various thermodynamical processes. Enthalpy, relation between CP and CV. Carnot’s engine, efficiency and Carnot’s theorem. Efficiency of internal combustion engines (Otto and diesel).

II

2nd & 3rd Law of Thermodynamics: Different statements of second law, Clausius inequality, entropy and its physical significance. Entropy changes in various thermodynamical processes. Third law of thermodynamics and unattainability of absolute zero. Thermodynamical potentials, Maxwell’s relations, conditions for feasibility of a process and equilibrium of a system. Clausius- Clapeyron equation, Joule-Thompson effect.

III

Kinetic Theory of Gases: Kinetic model and deduction of gas laws. Derivation of Maxwell’s law of distribution of velocities and its experimental verification. Degrees of freedom, law of equipartition of energy (no derivation) and its application to specific heat of gases (mono, di and poly atomic).

IV

Theory of Radiation: Blackbody radiation, spectral distribution, concept of energy density and pressure of radiation. Derivation of Planck’s law, deduction of Wien’s distribution law, Rayleigh-Jeans law, Stefan-Boltzmann law and Wien’s displacement law from Planck’s law.

PART B: Circuit Fundamentals & Semiconductor Devices

V

DC & AC Circuits: Growth and decay of currents in RL circuit. Charging and discharging of capacitor in RC, LC and RCL circuits. Network Analysis – Superposition, Reciprocity, Thevenin’s and Norton’s theorems. AC Bridges – measurement of inductance (Maxwell’s, Owen’s and Anderson’s bridges) and measurement of capacitance (Schering’s, Wein’s and de Sauty’s bridges).

VI

Semiconductors & Diodes: P and N type semiconductors, qualitative idea of Fermi level. Formation of depletion layer in PN junction diode, field & potential at the depletion layer. Qualitative idea of current flow mechanism in forward & reverse biased diode. Diode fabrication. PN junction diode and its characteristics, static and dynamic resistance. Principle, structure, characteristics and applications of Zener, Light Emitting, and Photo diodes. Half and Full wave rectifiers, calculation of ripple factor, rectification efficiency and voltage regulation. Basic idea about filter circuits and voltage regulated power supply.

VII

Transistors: Bipolar Junction PNP and NPN transistors. Study of CB, CE & CC configurations w.r.t. active, cutoff & saturation regions; characteristics; current, voltage & power gains; transistor currents & relations between them. Idea of base width modulation, base spreading resistance & transition time. DC Load Line analysis and Q-point stabilization. Voltage divider bias circuit for CE amplifier.

VIII

Electronic Instrumentation: Multimeter: Principles of measurement of dc voltage, dc current, ac voltage, ac current and resistance. Specifications of a multimeter and their significance. Cathode Ray Oscilloscope: Block diagram of basic CRO. Construction of CRT, electron gun, electrostatic focusing and acceleration (no mathematical treatment). Front panel controls, special features of dual trace CRO, specifications of a CRO and their significance. Applications of CRO to study the waveform and measurement of voltage, current, frequency & phase difference.