Archegoniates And Plant Architecture - आर्किगोनेट्स एवं पादप संरचना

Program/Class:

Certificate/ B.Sc.

Year: First

Semester: Second

Subject: Botany

Course Title: Archegoniates and Plant Architecture

Course Outcome:  After the completion of the course the students will be able to:

 1. Develop critical understanding on morphology, anatomy and reproduction of Bryophytes, Pteridophytes and Gymnosperms

 2. Understanding of plant evolution and their transition to land habitat.

 3. Understand morphology, anatomy, reproduction and developmental changes therein through typological study and create a knowledge base in understanding the basis of plant diversity, economic values & taxonomy of plants

 4. Understand the details of external and internal structures of flowering plants.

Credits: 4

Core Compulsory

Max. Marks: 25+75

Min. Passing Marks: 33

Unit

Topics

I

Introduction to Archegoniate & Bryophytes
Unique features of archegoniate, Bryophytes: General characteristics, adaptations to land habit, Range of thallus organization. Classification (up to family), morphology, anatomy and reproduction of Riccia, Marchantia, Anthoceros, Sphagnum and Funaria. (Developmental details not to be included). Economic importance of bryophytes.

II

Pteridophytes
General characteristics, Early (fossil) land plants (Rhynia). Classification (up to family) with examples, Heterospory and seed habit, stele evolution, economic importance of Pteridophytes. Comparative study of morphology, anatomy and reproduction of Selaginella, Equisetum and Azolla.

III

Gymnosperms
Classification and distribution of gymnosperms; Salient features of Cycadales, Ginkgoales, Coniferales and Gnetales, their examples with special reference to Cycas, Ginkgo, Pinus, Ephedra, structure and reproduction; economic importance.

IV

Palaeobotany
General account of Cycadofilicales, Bennettitales, Pentoxylales and Cordaitales; Geological time scale; Brief account of process of fossilization & types of fossils and study techniques.

V

Angiosperm Morphology
Morphology and modifications of roots; stem, leaf and bud. Types of inflorescences; flowers, flower parts, fruits and types of placentation; Definition and types of seeds.

VI

Plant Anatomy
Meristematic and permanent tissues, Organs (root, stem and leaf), Meristems & theories on apical organization. Secondary growth – Root and stem- structure and function) annual rings, Periderm, Anomalous secondary growth – Bignonia, Boerhaavia, Dracaena, Nyctanthes.

VII

Reproductive Botany
Plant Embryology, Structure of microsporangium, microsporogenesis, Structure of megasporangium and its types, megasporogenesis, Structure and types of female gametophyte, Types of pollination, Methods of pollination, Germination of pollen grain, Structure of male gametophyte, Fertilization, Structure of dicot and monocot embryo, Endosperm, Double fertilization, Apomixis and Polyembryony.

VIII

Palynology: Pollen structure, pollen morphology, pollen allergy, Applied Palynology: Basic concepts, Palaeopalynology, Aeropalynology, Forensic palynology, Role in taxonomic evidences.